Thomas Young (1773-1829) was the one who finally conducted a thorough investigation for wave interference effects in light and correctly evaluated the results. Later, another brilliant mind came up with his theory. The ether, a hypothetical medium that was never discovered but which we now know can propagate light in a vacuum.Compton Effect, photoelectric effect, and black body radiation. Polarisation, because Huygens regarded light waves to be longitudinal mechanical disturbances.Light reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction were all explained by Huygens’ wave optics theory. (iii) The new position of the wavefront is determined by the envelope of secondary wavelets along the forward direction after a set period. (ii) With the speed of light, secondary wavelets spread in all directions in space (vacuum). (I) Every point on a wavefront emits secondary wavelets and operates as a light source. Huygens’ creation of reflection and refraction is depicted in the diagram below. The contour of the advancing wave is determined by the surface tangent to these wavelets. He imagined a wave crest moving forward by visualising each point along the crest as a source point for little, circular, expanding wavelets that expand at the same rate as the wave. No one had questioned the corpuscular theory of Newton until Christopher Huygens, in the early 18th century, came with his theory of wave optics in engineering physics. Then, Huygens came up with his theory in engineering physics of wave optics. The main flaw in Newton’s corpuscular theory was that it failed to explain why the velocity of light in denser media was lower than in vacuum. Newton was able to describe reflection and refraction using this theory, but he was unable to explain the causes of interference, diffraction, and polarisation. Sir Isaac Newton is a well-known supporter of the particle nature of light, proposing a corpuscular theory in which “light consists of extremely light and tiny particles known as corpuscles that travel at extremely high speeds from the source of light to create a sensation of vision by reflecting on the retina of the eye.” Both ray optics and wave optics are incredibly important as they are based on rectilinear propagation of light and deal with mirrors, lenses, reflection, refraction, etc. One society believes that light is a particle, while the other believes it is a wave. The field of wave optics has witnessed a renowned debate between two significant scientific societies dedicated to studying the nature of light. To conclude, a wavefront is a surface on which all vibrating particles have almost the same frequency at any one point. Light is a kind of energy that flows through a medium as a transverse wave, according to the wave theory of light.Īt any given time, the wavefront is the location of all particles vibrating in just the same frequency. The relationship between waves and light rays is well described by wave optics. Physical optics, often known as wave optics, is a discipline of optics that examines interference, diffraction, polarisation, and other phenomena for which the geometric optics ray approximation is not applicable.
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